Essence uye kushandiswa kwe polishing
Sei isu tichida kuita pamusoro pekugadzirisa pane mechanika zvikamu?
Nzira yekurapa kwepamusoro ichave yakasiyana kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana.
1 Zvinangwa zvitatu zvekugadziriswa kwepamusoro kwemechini zvikamu:
1.1 Surface yekugadzirisa nzira yekuwana chikamu chaicho
Kune zvikamu zvine zvinodiwa zvinoenderana, zvinodikanwa zvekunyatso (kusanganisira kurongeka kwedimensional, kurongeka kwechimiro uye kunyangwe kurongeka kwenzvimbo) zvinowanzo kukwirira, uye kurongeka uye kushata kwepamusoro kune hukama. Kuti uwane chokwadi, roughness inoenderana inofanira kuwanikwa. Semuyenzaniso: kunyatsoita IT6 kazhinji inoda inoenderana roughness Ra0.8.
[Common mechanical means]:
- Kutendeuka kana kugaya
- Fine boring
- kugaya zvakanaka
- Kukuya
1.2 Surface yekugadzirisa nzira dzekuwana pamusoro pemechani zvivakwa
1.2.1 Kuwana kusapfeka
[Nzira dzinozivikanwa]
- Kukuya mushure mekuoma kana carburizing / quenching (nitriding)
- Kukuya nekukwenenzvera mushure mekuomesa chrome
1.2.2 Kuwana nzvimbo yakanaka yekushushikana
[Nzira dzinozivikanwa]
- Modulation uye kugaya
- Surface kupisa kurapwa uye kugaya
- Kukunguruka kwepamusoro kana kupenengura kunoteverwa nekukuya
1.3 Maitiro ekugadzirisa ekuwana pamusoro pemakemikari zvivakwa
[Nzira dzinozivikanwa]
- Electroplating uye polishing
2 Metal pamusoro pekupenya tekinoroji
2.1 Kukosha Icho chikamu chakakosha chemunda wepamusoro tekinoroji uye engineering, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ekugadzira maindasitiri, kunyanya muindasitiri ye electroplating, coating, anodizing uye akasiyana maitiro ekurapa pamusoro.
2.2 Nei mapeji ekutanga epamusoro uye anowanikwa maparamendi eiyo workpiece akakosha kudaro?Nekuti iwo ndiwo ekutanga uye anonangwa mapoinzi ebasa rekupukuta, iro rinotarisa nzira yekusarudza rudzi rwemuchina wekupukuta, pamwe nenhamba yekukuya misoro, rudzi rwezvinhu, mutengo, uye kushanda zvakanaka kunodiwa kumuchina wekupukuta.
2.3 Kukuya & Kupukuta Matanho uye Trajectories
Iwo mana matanho akajairika ekugayauyepolishing ] : maererano nekutanga uye yekupedzisira roughness Ra maitiro ebasa rekushanda, kuputika kwakaoma - kuputika kwakanaka - kukuya - kupukuta. Mabrasives anosiyana kubva pakukora kusvika pakunaka. Chishandiso chekukuya uye workpiece inofanirwa kucheneswa pese pazvinochinjwa.
2.3.1 Chishandiso chekukuya chakaoma, iyo micro-kucheka uye extrusion effect yakakura, uye ukuru uye roughness zvine shanduko dziri pachena.
2.3.2 Mechanical polishing inzira yekucheka yakapfava pane kukuya. Chishandiso chekupukuta chinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakapfava, izvo zvinongogona kuderedza kushata asi hazvigone kushandura kurongeka kwehukuru uye chimiro. Iyo roughness inogona kusvika isingasviki 0.4μm.
2.4 Matatu madiki-mazano epamusoro pekugadzirisa kurapwa: kukuya, kupukuta, uye kupedza
2.4.1 Pfungwa yekukuya nekukwenenzvera
Kunyangwe ese ari maviri emuchina kukuya uye kupenya kwemuchina kunogona kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro, pane zvakare misiyano:
- 【Mechanical polishing】: Inosanganisira kushivirira kwedimensional, kushivirira kwechimiro uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo. Inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekushivirira kwedimensional, kushivirira kwechimiro uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo yepasi pevhu uku ichideredza roughness.
- Mechanical polishing: Yakasiyana nekukwenenzvera. Inongovandudza kupera kwepamusoro, asi kushivirira hakugone kuvimbiswa zvakavimbika. Kupenya kwayo kwakakwirira uye kupenya kupfuura kupenya. Nzira yakajairika yekugadzira mechanical polishing ndeyekukuya.
2.4.2 [Kupedza kugadzirisa] inzira yekukuya uye kupukuta (yakapfupikiswa sekuya uye kupukuta) inoitwa pachigadziro chebasa mushure mekugadzirwa kwakanaka, pasina kubvisa kana kubvisa chete chidimbu chakatetepa chezvinhu, nechinangwa chikuru chekuderedza kushata kwepamusoro, kuwedzera kupenya kwepamusoro uye kusimbisa huso hwayo.
Kurongeka uye kushata kwechikamu chepamusoro kune simba guru pahupenyu hwayo uye kunaka. Iyo yakashata yakasara yakasiiwa neEDM uye micro cracks yakasara nekukuya ichakanganisa hupenyu hwebasa rezvikamu.
① Iyo yekupedzisa maitiro ine diki machining mvumo uye inonyanya kushandiswa kuvandudza pamusoro pemhando. Mari shoma inoshandiswa kuvandudza machining accuracy (yakadai sedimensional accuracy uye chimiro chakarurama), asi haigone kushandiswa kugadzirisa kurongeka kwenzvimbo.
② Kupedza ndiyo maitiro ekucheka-cheka uye kuburitsa iyo workpiece pamusoro neakanaka-grained abrasives. Iyo yepamusoro inogadziriswa zvakaenzana, simba rekucheka uye kupisa kupisa zvishoma, uye yakakwirira kwazvo yepamusoro inogona kuwanikwa. ③ Kupedzisa inzira yekugadzira diki uye haigone kugadzirisa hombe dzepamusoro. Fine processing inofanira kuitwa isati yagadziriswa.
Iyo yakakosha yesimbi yepasi yekupukuta inzvimbo inosarudza micro-removal processing.
3. Parizvino nzira dzakakura dzekupukuta: 3.1 mechanical polishing, 3.2 chemical polishing, 3.3 electrolytic polishing, 3.4 ultrasonic polishing, 3.5 fluid polishing, 3.6 magnetic grinding polishing,
3.1 Mechanical polishing
Mechanical polishing inzira yekupukuta inotsamira pakucheka uye nepurasitiki deformation yechinhu chepamusoro kubvisa maprotrusions akakwenenzverwa kuti awane nzvimbo yakatsetseka.
Uchishandisa tekinoroji iyi, kukwenenzverwa kwemuchina kunogona kuwana hutsinye hwepamusoro hweRa0.008μm, inova ndiyo yepamusoro-soro pakati penzira dzakasiyana dzekupolisha. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa mune optical lens molds.
3.2 Kemikari polishing
Kemikari polishing ndeyekuita kuti iyo microscopic convex zvikamu zvezvinhu zvepasi zvinyunguduke zvakanyanya mumakemikari svikiro pamusoro penzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa, kuitira kuti iwane nzvimbo yakatsetseka. Mabhenefiti makuru eiyi nzira ndeyekuti haidi midziyo yakaoma, inogona kukwenenzvera maworkpieces ane maumbirwo akaomarara, inogona kukwenenzvera maworkpieces akawanda panguva imwe chete, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Nyaya huru yemakemikari polishing ndeyekugadzirira kwemvura inopenya. Kushata kwepamusoro kunowanikwa nekupenya kwemakemikari kazhinji makumi akati wandei ema μm.
3.3 Electrolytic polishing
Electrolytic polishing, inozivikanwawo se electrochemical polishing, inosarudza kunyungudutsa tunhu tudiki-diki pamusoro pechinhu kuti chitaridzike.
Kuenzaniswa nemakemikari polishing, mhedzisiro ye cathode reaction inogona kubviswa uye mhedzisiro yacho iri nani. Iyo electrochemical polishing process yakakamurwa kuita matanho maviri:
(1) Macro-leveling: Zvigadzirwa zvakanyungudutswa zvinopararira mu electrolyte, uye iyo geometric roughness yepasi yezvinhu inoderera, Ra 1μm.
(2) Gloss kutsvedzerera: Anodic polarization: Kupenya kwepamusoro kunovandudzwa, Ralμm.
3.4 Ultrasonic polishing
Iyo workpiece inoiswa mune abrasive suspension uye yakaiswa mumunda we ultrasonic. Iyo abrasive ivhu uye yakakwenenzverwa pane workpiece pamusoro neiyo oscillation ye ultrasonic wave. Ultrasonic machining ine diki macroscopic simba uye haizokonzeri deformation yeworkpiece, asi iyo tooling yakaoma kugadzira nekuisa.
Ultrasonic machining inogona kusanganiswa nemakemikari kana electrochemical nzira. Pahwaro hwekugadzirisa corrosion uye electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration inoshandiswa kumutsa mhinduro kuparadzanisa zvigadzirwa zvakanyungudutswa panzvimbo ye workpiece uye kuita iyo corrosion kana electrolyte pedyo neyunifomu yepamusoro; iyo cavitation mhedzisiro ye ultrasonic waves mumvura inogonawo kuvharidzira iyo corrosion process uye kufambisa kupenya kwepamusoro.
3.5 Fluid polishing
Fluid polishing inotsamira pane yakakwira-kumhanya inoyerera mvura uye twumabrasive tunhu twainotakura kukwesha nzvimbo yebasa kuti izadzise chinangwa chekupukuta.
Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzinosanganisira: abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, fluid dynamic grinding, etc.
3.6 Magnetic kugaya nekukwenenzvera
Magnetic kugaya nekupukuta kunoshandisa magineti abrasives kugadzira mabhurashi anokwesha pasi pechiito chemagnetic field kukuya workpiece.
Iyi nzira ine hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa, hutano hwakanaka, kutonga kuri nyore kwemamiriro ekugadzirisa, uye mamiriro ekushanda akanaka. Nemabrasives akakodzera, kushata kwepamusoro kunogona kusvika kuRa0.1μm.
Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi, ndinotenda iwe uchave nekunzwisisa kuri nani kwekukwenenzvera. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemakina ekupolisha ndiwo anozoona mhedzisiro, kushanda zvakanaka, mutengo uye zvimwe zvinongedzo zvekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana zvekugadzira.
Ndeupi rudzi rwemuchina wekupolisha kambani yako kana vatengi vako vanoda haifanire kungofananidzwa zvinoenderana neiyo workpiece pachayo, asi zvakare zvichibva pane yemushandisi kudiwa kwemusika, mamiriro emari, kusimudzira bhizinesi uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Zvechokwadi, pane nzira iri nyore uye inoshanda yekugadzirisa izvi. Ndokumbirawo ubvunze vashandi vedu vasati vatengesa kuti vakubatsire.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-17-2024